Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic Acids

The base catalysed hydrolysis of amides give

Explain the base catalysed hydrolysis of amides.

A hydrocarbon $\mathrm{A}$ (molecular formula ${\mathrm{C}}_8{\mathrm{H}}_{10}$) on ozonolysis gives $\mathrm{B}$ ( ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_6{\mathrm{O}}_2$ ) only. Compound $\mathrm{C}$ ( ${\mathrm{C}}_3{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{Br}$ ) on treatment with magnesium in dry ether gives $\left(\mathrm{D}\right)$ which on treatment with ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ followed by acidification gives $\left(\mathrm{B}\right)$ Identify $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}$ and $\mathrm{C}$.

Treatment of compound  with $\mathrm{NaOH}$solution yields

How will you convert bromoethane into ethanoic acid ?

Alkyl halides are converted into nitriles by the action of aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic $\mathrm{KCN}$. The reaction follows ${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{N}}2$ mechanism and works best with primary and secondary alkyl halides. Aryl halides are extremely less reactive towards nucleophilic substitutions. Identify the correct procedure for the following conversion.

$2$-Chloroethanol into $3$-hydroxypropanoic acid. 

Alkyl halides are converted into nitriles by the action of aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic $\mathrm{KCN}$. The reaction follows $S{N}^2$ mechanism and works best with primary and secondary alkyl halides. Aryl halides are extremely less reactive towards nucleophilic substitutions. Identify the correct procedure for the following conversion.

tert-butyl bromide into $2,2$-Dimethylpropanoic acid.

Alkyl halides are converted into nitriles by the action of aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic $\mathrm{KCN}$. The reaction follows ${\mathrm{SN}}^2$ mechanism and works best with primary and secondary alkyl halides. Aryl halides are extremely less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution. Identify the correct procedure for the following conversion.

 $2$-Chlorobutane into $2$-Methylbutanoic acid

Alkyl halide are converted into nitriles by the action of aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic $\mathrm{KCN}$. The reaction follows ${\mathrm{SN}}^2$ mechanism and works best with primary and secondary alkyl halides. Aryl halides are extremely less reactive towards nucleophilic substitutions. Identify the correct procedure for the following conversion.

$3$-Nitrochlorobenzene into $3$-Nitrobenzoic acid

Write the structure and IUPAC name of the product formed in following conversion.

Write the structure and IUPAC name of the product formed in following conversion

Write the structure and IUPAC name of products formed in the following conversion

Write the structure and IUPAC name of the products formed in the following conversion

How is butanoic acid is prepared starting from an alkene?

How is butanoic acid is prepared starting from an alkyl halide?

How is butanoic acid is prepared starting from an alcohol?

A nitrile on acid hydrolysis gives compound 'A', which reacts with thionyl chloride to give compound 'B'. Benzene reacts with compound 'B' in presence of anhydrous ${\mathrm{AICl}}_3$ to give compound 'C'. Identify the compounds 'A', 'B' and 'C' and write the equations. 

Plan two different routes for the conversion of benzyl chloride into phenylethanoic acid.

How will you convert Ethanol into Propanoic acid and Propanoic acid into Ethanol?

How will you convert: Ethanoic acid into Propanoic acid.